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“Thiamines (Vitamin B-1)”  

Vitamin B-1 (Thiamine)

  In our diet and in our body, the essential nutrient Vitamin B-1 (Thiamine & Thiamines such as Benfotiamine) is a water soluble vitamin that belongs to the large group of (b complex vitamins), important for both neurotransmission and neurological function, necessary for our body as an essential cofactor of several enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and to produce enzymes that break down carbohydrates.
  In nutrient science, several forms of thiamine exist: as free thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), thiamine diphosphate (TDP), thiamine triphosphate, and as adenosine thiamine triphosphate.

Into our body, dietary thiamine is absorbed in the small intestine, predominantly in the duodenum, absorbed in the intestine and transported from the extracellular space by thiamine transport receptors (THTR1 and THTR2, also called SLC19A2 and SLC19A3, respectively).

All cell types utilize thiamine, the nervous system is particularly sensitive to thiamine deficiency due to its role in the synthesis of acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid in the brain.

Vitamin B-1 Deficiency

In our body, a Vitamin B-1 deficiency may cause the disease known as Beri-beri, which leads to the tingling and swelling of hands and feet, nystagmus and breathing problems due to the fluid in lungs. Vitamin B-1 deficiency may cause vision disturbances, unsteadiness, confusion, loss of memory, fatigue and tachycardia.

Like some of the other B vitamins in the Vitamin B Complex Group, Vitamin B-1 is helpful for reducing stress and boost the immune system, making the immune system stronger in fighting infections.
  Thiamine exists as the free molecule as well as in the form of several phosphate esters:

• thiamine phosphates
  • thiamine monophosphates
  • thiamine diphosphates (thiamine pyrophosphates)
  • thiamine triphosphate

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