“Biology (Bioscience)”  

Bioscience (Biology)

  In science, Biology (Bioscience) is the field of study concerned with living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, interrelationships, and and interactions with the environment.
  Biology covers a wide range of subfields, from genetics and cell biology to ecology and physiology.
  Examples of biology related subjects include:

• anatomy
• astrobiology is the subfield of study concerned with evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe
• biochemistry (biological chemistry) is the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
• biological engineering: the attempt to create products inspired by biological systems or to modify and interact with the biological systems
• biogeography: the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
• bioinformatics: the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
• biolinguistics: the study of the biology and evolution of language
• biomechanics (kinematics) is the study of the mechanics of living beings
• biomedical research: the study of health and disease
• biophysics: the study of biological processes by applying the theories and methods traditionally employed in the physical sciences
• biotechnology: the study of the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
• botany (plant biology)
• cell biology: the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
• chronobiology
• cognitive biology
• conservation biology
• cryobiology
• developmental biology
• ecology
• evolutionary biology
• Genetics: the study of genes and heredity
• immunology
• marine biology (biological oceanography)
• microbiology
• molecular biology
• nanobiology
• neuroscience
• paleontology
• pathobiology (pathology)
• pharmacology
• Physiology: the study of the functions and mechanisms occurring in living organisms
• Phytopathology (plant pathology)
• biological psychology
• quantum biology
• structural biology
• systems biology
• Theoretical biology: the branch of biology that employs abstractions and mathematical models to explain biological phenomena
• Zoology: the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, evolution and behaviour

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“Biota clade (Diversity of Life)”  

Biota clade

  In nature, Biota (diversity of life) is a clade of cellular organisms.
  Examples of subsets, concepts, subjects and other related entities of biota clade include:

Neomura clade Archaea domain Eukaryota domain Bacteria domain Viruses

Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Archaea Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Chromista

Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protozoa Kingdom Viruses

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“Systems Biology”  

  Systems Biology is a Bioscience (Biology) branch that focuses on complex interactions in biological systems, using a holism perspective.
  Systems Biology includes the study of the interactions between the components of our biological systems, and how these interactions give rise to the function and behavior of that system. **

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“Structural Biology”  

  Structural Biology is a Bioscience (Biology) branch of Biochemistry, molecular biology, and Biophysics.
  Structural Biology is concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules, especially proteins and Nucleic Acids (Polynucleotides), including how they acquire the structures they have, and how alterations in their structures affect their function. **

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“Cytogenetics”  

Cytogenetic

  As in genetics, Cytogenetics, the discipline of dealing with the cytological and molecular analysis of chromosomes, and location of the genes on the chromosomes, as well as the involvements and movements of chromosomes during cell cycle (cell division cycle).
  Examples of cytogenetic subsets, subjects, concepts and related entities include:

• fragile sites

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“CAM Biological Treatments”  

A Biological Approach to Therapy and Healing Treatments

  The CAM Biological Approaches (Biological Approach to Therapy and Healing Treatments) includes the use of nutritional and other life therapies in manners beyond the scope of feeding our body's cells. **

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“Sociobiology”  

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“Immunogenetics & Immunogenetic Concepts”  

Immunogenetics

  In genetic science, Immunogenetics is a subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response.
  Examples of immunogenetic topics include:

• Behavioral Genetics
• Cytogenetics
• Genetic Research
  • Gene Ontology
  • HapMap Project
  • Human Genome Project
• Genomics
  • Epigenomics
  • Glycomics
  • HapMap Project
  • Human Genome Project
  • Metagenomics
  • Nutrigenomics
  • Proteomics
    • Proteogenomics
• Immunogenetics
  • major histocompatibility complex family (HLA family)
• Medical Genetics
  • Genetic Counseling
• microbial genetics
• Molecular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
    • Molecular Epidemiology
    • Molecular Pathology
• Pharmacogenetics
• Population Genetics
  • Phylogeography
• Radiation Genetics
• Toxicogenetics

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