“Radical Scavengers (Free Radical Scavengers)”  

Free Radical Scavengers

  In chemistry, a radical scavenger (free radical scavenger) is a chemical role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.
  In science, Free Radical Scavengers are substances that ready combination with free radicals, influencing the course of a chemical reactions.
  Examples where radical scavengers (free radical scavengers) may play a role include:

(−)-gallocatechin (+)-gallocatechin Echinacea extract N,N-dimethylethanolamine N-acetyl-L-cysteine S-allylsulfenic acid trans-resveratrol albibrissinoside A allopurinol ansaetherone anthrone astilbin baicalein

bellidin bendazac benthophoenin camellianoside chaetopyranin crassifogenin C cupressuflavone curcumin daedalin A dieckol dimethyl sulfoxide ebselen eckstolonol

edaravone formobactin ginsenoside Rb1 gliclazide hydroxyurea ibuprofen isonymphaeol B isoorientin lobarin maritimetin matteucinol melatonin nigerloxin

nitric oxide oleuropein orobol paxanthonin potassium iodide pramipexole propofol pyridoxatin pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate quercetin silychristin sugiol taurine

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“Free Radicals”  

  In our body, Free Radicals are radicals consisting of unstable highly reactive molecules, with an unsatisfied electron valence pair, produced as both a normal normal metabolic process and as a pathological process. which may act as an agent causing cellular and tissue damage.   In our body, Free Radicals are unstable because they a loose electron that desperately attempts to get stable. Free Radicals are unstable molecules that often contain oxygen. Free Radicals are unstable because they have only one electron and they desperately want two to make them stable. To get another electron they rob one from anything they can. All healthy cells in our bodies are a good source for these electrons.
  free radicals may be classified chemically as organic or inorganic, and may also be considered as either a reactive nitrogen species (RNS), or as a reactive oxygen species (ROS). Examples of inorganic free radicals may include:

• reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
  • nitric oxide (NO)
• reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • Hydroxyl Radical
  • Hypochlorous Acid
  • peroxides
    • Hydrogen Peroxide
    • Superoxides
  • singlet oxygen
  • Superoxides

Examples of organic free radicals may include:

• peroxides
  • artemisinins
  • lipid peroxides
  • tert-butylhydroperoxide
  • tetraoxanes
• spin labels
  • Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

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“Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)”  

Superoxide Dismutases

  In our body, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.

Three forms of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

  In our body, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The Superoxide Dismutase, as an enzyme, protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide.

In our body there are three forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD).

• superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), aka CuZn-SOD, is located in the cytoplasm
• superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2), aka Mn-SOD, in the mitochondria
• superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD 3), aka EC-SOD, is extracellular

  In our body, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the removal of the O^2- free radical.

In our body, the enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) protects oxygen-metabolizing cells against harmful effects of superoxide free-radicals. Superoxide dismutase is inactivated by H₂O₂.

In our body, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) consists of two subunits of identical molecular weight joined by a disulfide bond. The molecular weight is 32,500 daltons, and there are two Cu(II) and two Zn(II) atoms per molecule. **

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“Antioxidants”  

Antioxidant

  In chemistry, an Antioxidant is any substance that has a chemical role to oppose oxidation or inhibit reactions brought about by a dioxygen or peroxides.
  In our body, Antioxidants, the foundation of the antioxidant network, are free radical scavenging substances that donate an electron to the free radical and convert it to a harmless molecule by inhibiting or retarding the oxidation of a substance.

Fountain of Youth

In our body, the Antioxidants (Anti-oxidants) may be the real fountain of youth and may be the next big advance on the fight against aging. The increased intake of antioxidants has been associated with lower incidence of cancer, cardiovascular problems, and other diseases, in addition to regulate gene expression and signaling regulatory pathways, consequently prevent cell death and slowing the aging process.
  Examples of antioxidants include:

antioxidant network

radical scavengers (free radical scavengers)

food antioxidants

Examples where antioxidant compounds that may play a role include:

quercetin glutathione α-mangostin β-carotene β-cryptoxanthin β-ionone γ-terpinene γ-tocotrienol (−)-epicatechin (−)-epigallocatechin (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (−)-gallocatechin (+)-α-tocopherol (+)-catechin (+)-dihydromyricetin (+)-gallocatechin (+)-schisandrin B all-trans-retinoic acid meso-zeaxanthin N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2−) N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid N-acetyl-L-cysteinate N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-acetylneuraminic acid N-acetylserotonin trans-2-coumaric acid trans-astringin trans-piceid (polydatin) trans-resveratrol D-allopyranose D-psicose D-thioproline acrovestone alliin amburoside A amifostine arjunolic acid ascorbate aspalathin astaxanthin astragaloside IV auraptene bacillithiol baicalein bellidin benfotiamine benzyl alcohol berberine bixin brazilein brazilin

butein butin cafestol caffeic acid calycosin cannabigerol capsiate carcinine carlinoside341 carnosic acid carnosine celastrol chrysin coenzyme Q10 corilagin coumestrol crocetin crocin-1 (alpha-crocin) cyanidin cation davidigenin diallyl trisulfide diandraflavone diazepinomicin dihydroferulate dihydroferulic acid dihydrogen dihydrolipoic acid diosmetin diosmin diphenylamine ebselen eckol edaravone ellagic acid equilenin ergothioneine eriocitrin erythritol esculetin esculin esculin hydrate fangchinoline ferulic acid fisetin fraxetin fucoidan fucosterol gallic acids hesperetin hispidin

hispidulin humulone hydroquinone hydroxytyrosol hypolaetin icariin idebenone isoferulic acid isopentenyl diphosphate isoscutellarein glycoside kahweol knipholone kurarinol lactobionic acid luteolin lycopene madecassic acid madecassoside mangiferin manniflavanone marmesinin maslinic acid methylselenenic acid miquelianin morin myricetin narirutin nezukol nicotinamide nigerloxin norwogonin oleic acid oleocanthal oleuropein oltipraz orientin oryzafuran pallidol patuletin pectolinarin peonidin peonidin chloride phenethyl caffeate phlorizin phosphinic acid pinobanksin pinocembrin probucol pterostilbene purpurogallin

putrescine quercetagetin quercitrin resveratrol retinyl palmitate rhamnetin robustaflavone rosmarinic acid rubiadin rutin sappanchalcone schaftoside secoxyloganin selenoneine sesaminols shinorine silibinin sinapine sitosterol sodium ferulate sodium gallate solasodine sorbinil spermine staphyloxanthin stevioside subulatin sugiol sulforaphane swertianin swertianolin swertisin tamarixetin taurine teduglutide theaflavin thiodiglycol thioproline thiourea thymoquinone tocol trilobatin troglitazone ubiquinone-9 vieillardixanthone vitamin E zeaxanthin zingerones zinolol zonisamide

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“How Antioxidants Work”  

  When oxygen is burned by the body, cells form by-products called free radicals that travel through the cell and cause cellular damage. Antioxidants protect key cell components from damage by neutralizing these free radicals.
  It is said that there is only one disease: malfunctioning cells. There are two causes of the disease: deficiency and toxicity. The Anti-oxidants Center addresses the healthy options we have to improve our body's internal environment. **

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“Oxidation”  

  In chemistry, Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of an atom, an ion, or of certain atoms in a molecule.
  Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. **

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