“Conjugated proteins (Proteoconjugates)”  

Proteoconjugates

  In protein science, Conjugated proteins (Proteoconjugates), as a class of protein compounds, is a general classification for any protein covalently linked with a nonpeptide moiety, such as with lipids or carbohydrates.

Proteoconjugated Compounds

  In our body, Proteoconjugates are important compounds and consist of many different categories such as proteolipids, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and smaller one like the glycopeptides, peptidoglycans.
  Examples of conjugated proteins include:

• glycoproteins
• lipoproteins
• metalloproteins
• organic prosthetic-group proteins

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“Proteolipids”  

  In protein science, Proteolipids, a protein moiety with a high content of hydrophobic amino acids conjugated with an acyl chain, which is insoluble in water.
  In our body, Proteolipids are protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissues.
  Examples of proteolipids include:

• Myelin Proteolipid Protein

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“Circulating Lipoproteins”  

Lipoproteins

  In our body, Circulating Lipoproteins, as lipid-protein complexes, are lipoconjugate compounds, consisting of biochemical lipid assemblies surrounded by proteins, that may function to transport the water-insoluble lipids in a water-based solution (bloodstream).
  In our body, Lipoproteins are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and cholesterol esters surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free cholesterol, phospholipids and apolipoproteinsthat may be classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

Lipoprotein = Apolipoproteins + Lipids

  Circulating lipoprotein particles vary in size, density, and lipid and apolipoprotein composition and can be separated into several classes based on both physical and chemical parameters.
Examples of some lipoproteins include:

apolipoprotein + ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 5 ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 8 Chylomicrons + Lipoprotein (a) Apoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein-X Lipoproteins, HDL + Lipoproteins, IDL Lipoproteins, LDL + Lipoproteins, VLDL +

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“Proteoglycans (Proteoglycan Gene Family)”  

Proteoglycan

  In protein science, Proteoglycans are glycoproteins, which have a very high polysaccharide content, formed by a sugar molecule attached to a protein.
  All proteoglycans have a high-molecular-weight polyanionic substance covalently linked by numerous heteropolysaccharide side chains to a polypeptide chain backbone.

Proteoglycans are members of a class of compounds mostly consisting of polysaccharide (95%) and protein (5%).

Proteoglycans Gene Family

  Examples of some proteoglycans include:

• chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
  • aggrecans
  • CD44 antigens (hyaluronic acid binding proteins)
  • versicans
• heparan sulfate proteoglycans
• Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans
  • biglycan (bone proteoglycan I)
  • decorin (bone proteoglycan II)
  • Fibromodulin
  • Lumican

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The proteoglycans gene family contains the following subsets:

• Collagen proteoglycans
• Glypicans (GPC)
• hyalectins proteoglycans gene family
• Small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans
• Syndecans (SDC)

And the proteoglycans gene group also contains the following genes:

• AGRN gene
• CD44 gene (CD44R gene) encodng the CD44 molecule Indian blood group
• CSPG4 gene (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4)
• HSPG2 gene (heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2)
• SMC3 gene (structural maintenance of chromosomes 3)
• SRGN gene (serglycin)
• TGFBR3 gene (BGCAN gene) encoding the transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (betaglycan proteoglycan)

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“Glycoproteins”  

Glycoprotein

  In our diet, our body, and in our body's cells, Glycoproteins, are conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds, formed by a protein backbone covalently attached to carbohydrate (polysaccharides) side chains.
  In our body's cells, the glycoprotein is formed, a glycosylation process, when a carbohydrate attaches to the cellular protein during either a cotranslational or posttranslational modification, often as an important integral membrane protein (surface protein).
  Examples of glycoproteins include:

Proteoglycans Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans + Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans +

membrane glycoproteins +

Mucoproteins +

Activins Inhibin-beta Subunits ADAM Proteins ADAM10 Protein ADAM12 Protein ADAM17 Protein ADAMTS Proteins + Fertilins alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin alpha 1-antitrypsin alpha-2-Antiplasmin alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein asialoglycoproteins (desialylated glycoproteins) avidins B-Cell Activating Factor 4-1BB Ligand beta 2-Glycoprotein I Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins clusterin

colony-stimulating factors (C-SF) Erythropoietin Epoetin Alfa Granulocyte (C-SF) Filgrastim granulocyte-macrophage (C-SF) Macrophage (C-SF) Interleukin-3 Thrombopoietin complement C1 inhibitor protein CD70 Antigen encoded by the CD70 gene Fibrillins Fibrillin-1 Fibrillin-2 Glycodelin Hemopexin HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins Inhibins Inhibin-beta Subunits

lactoferrin Myelin P0 Protein Osteonectin protein C protein S phosphoglycoproteins serum amyloid p-component sialoglycoproteins SCD43 Antigens Glycophorin Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein osteopontin Thrombopoietin Thyroglobulin Thyroxine-Binding Proteins Thyroxine-Binding Globulin transcortin tumor necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) Vitronectin

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