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Enzyme Reactions |60100|
Enzyme Reactions Subsets
Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDR)
DNA Repair Enzymes
Isozymes
Deoxyribozymes
Immobilized Enzymes
Enzyme Complexes
Carbohydrate enzymes
Enzyme Reactionsâ—ŠEnzymesâ—ŠBiocatalysts_Catalystsâ—Š
Exogenous Enzymes
Recombinases
DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes
Holoenzymes
Ribozymes
N-Acetylglucosamine Enzymes
See Also ↔
 
 
“Enzyme Reactions (Enzymatic Processes)”  

Top-level Enzyme Reactions (Enzyme Catalysts)

  In enzyme science, there are six broad Enzyme Reactions are either protein or ribozyme molecules that cause or accelerate thousands of essential biochemical reactions.
Seven broad Top-level Enzyme Reactions (Enzyme Catalysts) based on the type of chemical reactions they catalyze include:
  Examples of other enzyme reactions might include: *
[60091]
“DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes”  
  In our body, DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes are restriction modification systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease.
  In enzyme science, DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes are closely related in their specificity and protect the DNA of a given bacterial species.
  • The methylase adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues in the same target sequence that constitutes the restriction enzyme binding site.
  • The methylation renders the target site resistant to restriction, thereby protecting DNA against cleavage.

  Examples of DNA restriction-modification enzymes include: **
[60223]
“Oxidoreductases”  [EC 1] 

Oxidoreductase Reactions

  In enzyme science, Oxidoreductase Reactions (Oxidoreductases), Dehydrogenases, are a group of broad Top-level Enzyme Reactions (Enzyme Catalysts) in the Top-level Enzyme Reaction Group EC 1, which catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions include the; transfer of H and O atoms or electrons from one substance to another substance.
  In biochemistry, an Oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule (the reductant, also called the hydrogen or electron donor) to another (the oxidant, also called the hydrogen or electron acceptor).


  The Oxidoreductases group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP or NAD as cofactors. **

[60101]
“Transferases (Transferase Reactions)”  [EC 2] 

Transferase Reactions

  In enzyme science, Transferase Reactions are a group of broad top-level enzyme reactions (enzyme catalysts), in the top-level enzyme reaction group EC 2.

In our Body

  In biochemistry, a Transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (e.g., a methyl or phosphate group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor).

Transferases enzymes catalyse the transfer of a small portion (or molecular group) of one substrate on to another, whereas isomerases will convert a molecule into its alternative structural form, called an isomer.
  In our body, the donor molecule of the Transferase enzyme is often a coenzyme. **
[60102]
“Hydrolases (Hydrolase Enzymes)”  [EC 3] 

Hydrolase Reactions

  In enzyme science, Hydrolases (Hydrolase Enzymes), as hydrolysis reactions, are a group of broad Top-level Enzyme Reactions (Enzyme Catalysts), involved with the formation of two products from a substrate by hydrolysis, in the Top-level Enzyme Reaction Group EC 3.

Hydrolases

  In enzyme science, Hydrolases are any member of a class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules. Hydrolases act on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds.


  In our body, a hydrolase enzyme (EC 3.*.*.* enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. **

[60103]
“Lyases (Desmolases)”  [EC 4] 

Lyase Reactions

  In enzyme science, Lyase Reactions are a group of broad Top-level Enzyme Reactions (Enzyme Catalysts), involved with the non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from substrates, in the Top-level Enzyme Reaction Group EC 4.

Lyase Enzyme Class

  In biochemistry, a Lyase (Desmolase) is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure.
  Examples of some lyase enzyme reactions include:
  • Carbon-Carbon Lyases
    • Aldehyde-Lyases +
    • Carboxy-Lyases +
    • Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase
    • Oxo-Acid-Lyases +
    • Tryptophanase
    • Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase
  • Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases
    • Amidine-Lyases +
    • Ammonia-Lyases +
  • Carbon-Oxygen Lyases
    • DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase
    • Hydro-Lyases +
    • Polysaccharide-Lyases +
  • Carbon-Sulfur Lyases
    • Cystathionine gamma-Lyase
    • Lactoylglutathione Lyase
  • Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases
    • Adenylyl Cyclases +
    • Guanylate Cyclase +
    • Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase
  • ferrochelatase
**
[60104]
“Isomerases”  [EC 5] 

Isomerase Reactions

  In enzyme science, Isomerase Reactions are a group of broad Top-level Enzyme Reactions (Enzyme Catalysts), involved with intramolecule rearrangement of isomers, in the Top-level Enzyme Reaction Group EC 5.

Isomerases

  In biochemistry, an In enzyme science, Isomerase Reactions are a class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural rearrangement of isomers within the molecule to form a single product, not involving a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.
  Examples of some isomerase enzyme reactions include: **
[60105]
“Ligases (Synthetases)”  [EC 6] 

Ligase [EC 6] Reactions

  In enzyme science, Ligase Reactions (Synthetases) are a group of broad top-level enzyme reactions (enzyme catalysts).
  In our body, a Ligases (Synthetases) join together two molecules by synthesis of new C-O, C-S, C-N or C-C bonds with simultaneous breakdown of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

Ligase Reactions (Synthetases) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) or a similar energy donor. **

[60106]
References & Citations:
1. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
2. McDonald AG. et al "Fifty-five years of enzyme classification: advances and difficulties"   FEBS J. 2014 Jan;281(2):583-92  
3. Brookes JC. "Quantum effects in biology: golden rule in enzymes, olfaction, photosynthesis and magnetodetection"   Proc Math Phys Eng Sci. 2017 May;473(2201):20160822  
4. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
5. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
6. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
7. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
8. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
9. Bull H. et al "Acid phosphatases"   Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;55(2):65-72  
10. Pingoud A. et al "Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases"   Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Sep 15;29(18):3705-27  
 
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