“Protein Structural Elements”  

Protein Structures

  In protein science, Protein Structures (Protein Conformation) are structures that range in size from tens to several thousand residues, with four distinct levels of protein structure complexity.

Protein Conformation

  In protein science, protein conformation is the characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain.
  Examples of protein structural elements include:

• amino acid motifs
  • ankyrin repeat
  • AT-hook motifs
  • cystine knot motifs
  • F-box motifs
  • helix-loop-helix motifs
    • EF hand motifs (EF hands)
    • helix-turn-helix motif (HTH motif)
      • ETS motif
  • immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs
  • immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs
  • Kelch Repeat
  • leucine zippers
  • RNA-binding motifs
    • double-stranded RNA binding motif
    • RNA recognition motif
  • Sterile Alpha Motif
  • WD40 Repeats
  • zinc fingers
    • CYS2-HIS2 Zinc Fingers
    • RING Finger Domains
• amino acid repetitive sequences
  • ankyrin repeat
  • Kelch Repeat
  • WD40 Repeats
• protein domain
  • Catalytic Domain
  • C2 Domains
  • Discoidin Domain
  • HMG-Box Domains
  • immunoglobulin domains (immunoglobulin gene superfamily)
    • Fibronectin Type III Domain
  • Kringles
  • Methyl CpG Binding Domain
  • Pleckstrin Homology Domains
  • Proline-Rich Protein Domains
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
    • ankyrin repeat
    • Kelch Repeat
    • WD40 Repeats
    • Sterile Alpha Motif
    • RING Finger Domains
    • B30.2-SPRY Domain
    • BTB-POZ Domain
    • Death Domain Superfamily
      • Death Domain
      • Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain
      • Death Effector Domain
      • Pyrin Domain
    • PDZ Domains
    • src Homology Domains
    • Tudor Domain

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“Amino Acid Motifs”  

Motifs

  In protein science, Amino Acid Motifs are a commonly occurring part of the supersecondary protein structure and describes the unique sequences of secondary structure elements present in proteins such as helix-turn-helix or beta ribbon, usually comprising two to three secondary structures.
  A commonly observed Amino Acid Motif structure may be composed of a conserved sequence which can be represented by a consensus sequence.

An amino acid motif is part of the supersecondary structure which describes the unique sequences of secondary structure elements present in proteins such as in helix-turn-helix or in beta ribbons.
  Examples of amino acid motifs include:

• ankyrin repeat
• AT-hook motifs
• cystine knot motifs
• F-box motifs
• helix-loop-helix motifs
  • EF hand motifs (EF hands)
  • helix-turn-helix motif (HTH motif)
    • ETS motif
• immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs
• immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs
• Kelch Repeat
• leucine zippers
• RNA-binding motifs
  • double-stranded RNA binding motif
  • RNA recognition motif
• sterile alpha motif
• WD40 Repeats
• zinc fingers
  • CYS2-HIS2 Zinc Fingers
  • RING Finger Domains

**

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“Protein Domains (Peptide Domains)”  

Protein Domain

  In our body's cells, a Protein Domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, exist independently of the rest of the protein chain, and are globular units of polypeptide chains that fold into two or more compact regions and are typically connected by a flexible segment of polypeptide chain.
  In protein science, each Protein Domain is a discrete protein structural unit, usually considered part of the tertiary structure, that forms a compact three-dimensional structure, varies in length from 25 amino acids up to 500 or more amino acids in length, can be independently stable and folded, and have their own functions.

  Examples of protein domain members include:

• Catalytic Domain
• C2 Domains
• Discoidin Domain
• HMG-Box Domains
• immunoglobulin domains (immunoglobulin gene superfamily)
  • Fibronectin Type III Domain
• Kringles
• Methyl CpG Binding Domain
• Pleckstrin Homology Domains
• Proline-Rich Protein Domains
• Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
  • ankyrin repeat
  • Kelch Repeat
  • WD40 Repeats
  • Sterile Alpha Motif
  • RING Finger Domains
  • B30.2-SPRY Domain
  • BTB-POZ Domain
  • Death Domain Superfamily
    • Death Domain
    • Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain
    • Death Effector Domain
    • Pyrin Domain
  • PDZ Domains
  • src Homology Domains
  • Tudor Domain

**

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“Amino Acid Repetitive Sequences (Amino Acid Repeat Sequences)”  

Amino Acid Repetitive Sequences

  In protein science, an Amino Acid Repetitive Sequence is any sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.
  The amino acid repetitive sequences include:

• ankyrin repeat
• Kelch Repeat
• WD40 Repeats

**

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“Protein Conformational Diversity”  

  Native state of proteins are not unique for a given Protein and may be represented by an ensemble of conformers in equilibrium, best describing the conformational diversity or dynamism of the given protein. **

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