Welltrients for Life, Inc. Where Wellness & Nutrients come Together. Do not be Brain Dead be Be Welltrient Smart
  Wellness Advantage ™
LoginID:
Password
Monday, June 15th, 2026   We believe in Two great powers: the power of Nature and the power within one´s self.
Home   Food Science   Health Sciences   Mind & Body Concepts   Sick Care Systems (Health Care Systems)   Plant Sciences   Alchemy Center   Back  
Fatty Acids |36502|
Fatty Acids Subsets
Nonesterified Fatty Acids
Prostanoic Acids
Sodium Morrhuate
Cyclic Fatty acids
See Also ↔
 
 
“Fatty Acids (Fatty acyls)”  [FA] 
Fatty Acyl Chains

Fatty Acid

  In our body, Fatty Acids are aliphatic acids fundamental to energy production, energy storage, cellular structure and as intermediates in the biosynthesis of hormones and other biologically important molecules, synthesized by a series of decarboxylative claisen condensation reactions from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.
Fatty Acids (Fatty acyls) and the conjugates and derivatives of these Fatty Acids, are a class of lipids synthesized by chain-elongation of an acetyl-CoA primer with malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA groups through the fatty acid synthesis process.
  In our body, Fatty Acids are usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids. When they are not attached to other molecules, they are known as "free" fatty acids.

In our body, Fatty Acids are an important source of fuel because, metabolized, they yield large quantities of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Many cell types can use either glucose or fatty acids for this purpose.
In particular, heart and skeletal muscle prefer fatty acids. The brain does not normally use fatty acids as a source of fuel; it relies on glucose or ketone bodies.
  In lipid science, a Fatty Acid is an organic carboxylic acid, with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which my either be saturated or unsaturated.

In nature, most Fatty Acids have a chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28.

Fatty acids and their derivatives, and substances related biosynthetically or functionally to these compounds. *
[75000]
“Saturated Fats (Fatty Acids)”  

Saturated Fat

  In lipid science, Saturated Fats (Fatty Acids) are fatty acids (fats) that are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms having no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain.
  Examples of saturated fats include:
  • Acetic (C2:0)
  • Propionic (C3:0)
  • Butyric (C4:0)
  • Valeric (C5:0)
  • Caproic (C6:0)
  • Enanthic (C7:0)
  • Caprylic Acid (C8:0)
  • Pelargonic (C9:0)
  • Capric (C10:0)
  • Undecylic (C11:0)
  • Lauric (C12:0)
  • Tridecylic (C13:0)
  • Myristic (C14:0)
  • pentadecylic acid (pentadecanoic acid) (C15:0)
  • Palmitic (C16:0)
  • Margaric (C17:0)
  • Stearic (C18:0)
  • Nonadecylic (C19:0)
  • Arachidic (C20:0)
  • Heneicosylic (C21:0)
  • Behenic (C22:0)
  • Tricosylic (C23:0)
  • Lignoceric (C24:0)
  • Pentacosylic (C25:0)
  • Cerotic (C26:0)
  • Heptacosylic (C27:0)
  • Montanic (C28:0)
  • Nonacosylic (C29:0)
  • Melissic (C30:0)
  • Hentriacontylic (C31:0)
  • Lacceroic (C32:0)
  • Psyllic (C33:0)
  • Geddic (C34:0)
  • Ceroplastic (C35:0)
  • Hexatriacontylic (C36:0)
  • Heptatriacontanoic (C37:0)
  • Octatriacontanoic (C38:0)
  • Nonatriacontanoic (C39:0)
  • Tetracontanoic (C40:0)
**
[76200]
“Straight-chained Fatty Acids [FA0101]”  

Straight chain Fatty Acids

  In lipid science, Straight-chained Fatty Acids [FA0101] are linear fatty acids which occur as either saturated and unsaturated.

Straight-chained Fatty Acids [FA0101]

  In organic chemistry, Straight-chained Fatty Acids [FA0101] are fatty acids with a straight aliphatic chain.. **
[81701]
“Branched Fatty Acids [FA0102]”  

Branch-Chain Fatty Acids

  In organic chemistry, the branch-chain fatty acids are organic compounds in the fatty acids and fatty acid conjugates subclass of the fatty acyls class in the lipids and lipid-like molecules superclass.
  In lipid science, Branched Fatty Acids [FA0102] are fatty acids containing a branched chain, found as common constituents of many non plant lipids, where the fatty acyl chain when saturated have a methyl-group branch, and in unsaturated branched-chain fatty acids in marine animals, and in microbial lipids the branches may be other than a methyl-group. **
[81702]
“Unsaturated Fatty Acids [FA0103]”  

Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Unsaturated Fatty Oils)

  In lipid science, Unsaturated Fatty Acids [FA0103] are a subclass in the Fatty acyl lipid class [FA]. In lipid science, Unsaturated Fatty Acids are fatty acids in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated Fatty Acids are fatty acids in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
  In organic chemistry, the unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acid organic compounds in the fatty acids and fatty acid conjugates subclass of the fatty acyls class in the lipids and lipid-like molecules superclass, with a chain that contains at least one CC double bond.
  Examples of some unsaturated fatty acids include:
**
[81703]
“Hydroxy Fatty Acids [FA0105]”  

Hydroxy Fatty Acids

  In lipid science, Hydroxy Fatty Acids [FA0105] are a class of naturally occurring straight-chain aliphatic organic acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and one or more hydroxyl groups at position N. Hydroxy Fatty Acids are significantly more polar than the corresponding fatty acid and possessed unique biological activities.
  In organic chemistry, the hydroxy fatty acids are fatty acid organic compounds in the fatty acids and fatty acid conjugates subclass of the fatty acyls class in the lipids and lipid-like molecules superclass, in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group.
  In our body, Hydroxy fatty acids are critical lipid mediators involved in various pathophysiologic functions. **
[81705]
“Nitro-Fatty Acids [FA0112]”  

Nitro Fatty Acids

  In organic chemistry, the Nitro-Fatty Acids are organic compounds in the fatty acids and fatty acid conjugates subclass of the fatty acyls class in the lipids and lipid-like molecules superclass, consisting of fatty acids containing a nitro group.
  In lipid science, Nitro-Fatty Acids [FA0112], a subclass in the Fatty acyl lipid class [FA], that occurs because nitric oxide (NO) is extremely soluble in fatty compounds. **
[81712]
“Triglycerides (Triacylglycerols)”  

Triacylglycerols (Triglycerides)

  In lipid science, Triglyceride (Triacylglycerol), a glycerolipid, is a triester from glycerol (as a triacylglycerol) and three fatty acids. The hydroxyl groups (COOH) of the glycerol join the carboxyl groups of the fatty acid to form the ester bonds.  In our body, the Triacylglycerols (Triglycerides) represent the storage form for fatty acids (fatty acyls) synthesized in the liver and stored in adipose tissue (fat tissue).
  The triglycerides includes: **
[76013]
“Lipoic Acid (Thioctic Acid or Thiotic Acid)”  
Aminos

Lipoic acid

  In our body, Lipoic Acid (Thiotic Acid or Thioctic Acid) also known as vitamin N, is a Sulfur based, fat soluble antioxidant coenzyme, that as a thiophene has a chemical structure similar to biotin, produced in our body, that plays an important role in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fatty acids and protein.
  In organic chemistry, as a carboxylic acid, Thioctic Acid (alpha-Lipoic Acid), C8H14O2S2, is an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs (a pentanoic acid), that may be biosynthesized by cleavage of linoleic acid and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.

In our body's cell's, Lipoic acid is an essential enzyme cofactor that requires covalent attachment to its cognate proteins to confer biological activity.
The major lipoylated proteins are highly conserved enzymes of central metabolism, the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes.
  Examples of lipoic acid related compounds include:
  • (R)-lipoic acid
  • (S)-lipoic acid
  • lipoyl-AMP
  • lipoamides
  • lipoate
  • lipoyl group
**
[60097]
“Fatty Acyl class [FA class]”  
Fatty Acyl Chains

Fatty Acyls

  In organic chemistry, Fatty Acyls are a class of organic compounds in the lipids and lipid-like molecules superclass, synthesized by chain elongation of an acetyl-CoA primer with malonyl-CoA (or methylmalonyl-CoA) groups that might contain a cyclic functionality and/or are substituted with heteroatoms.

Fatty Acyls [FA]

  In lipid science, the subclasses in the lipid chemical structure category of the fatty acyl class [FA class] includes: **
[38100]
References & Citations:
1. Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Brown HA, Glass CK, Merrill AH Jr, Murphy RC, Raetz CR, Russell DW, Seyama Y, Shaw W, Shimizu T, Spener F, van Meer G, VanNieuwenhze MS, White SH, Witztum JL, Dennis EA. "A comprehensive classification system for lipids."   J Lipid Res. 2010 Jun;51(6):1618.  
2. Fahy E, et al.. "Update of the LIPID MAPS comprehensive classification system for lipids."   J Lipid Res. 2009 Apr;50 Suppl:S9-14. Epub 2008 Dec 19.  
3. Jordan SW. et al "A new metabolic link. The acyl carrier protein of lipid synthesis donates lipoic acid to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Escherichia coli and mitochondria"   J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 18;272(29):17903-6  
4. Singh U. et al "Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation and diabetes"   Nutr Rev. 2008 Nov;66(11):646-57  
5. Du X. et al "Oral benfotiamine plus alpha-lipoic acid normalises complication-causing pathways in type 1 diabetes"   Diabetologia. 2008 Oct;51(10):1930-2  
6. Flora SJ. "Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure"   Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Sep-Oct;2(4):191-206  
7. Li. et al "Protective Efficacy of Alpha-lipoic Acid against AflatoxinB1-induced Oxidative Damage in the Liver"   Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2014 Jun;27(6):907-15  
8. Seyfried TN. et al "Role of glucose and ketone bodies in the metabolic control of experimental brain cancer"   Br J Cancer. 2003 Oct 6;89(7):1375-82  
9. Guo Y. et al "Identification of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR31 as a receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid"   J Biol Chem. 2011 Sep 30;286(39):33832-40  
10. Zhang JL. et al "Rapid identification of triterpenoid sulfates and hydroxy fatty acids including two new constituents from Tydemania expeditionis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry"   J Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep;46(9):908-16  
11. Freeman BA. et al "Nitro-fatty acid formation and signaling"   J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 6;283(23):15515-9  
 
    The statements on this Web site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). And are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information presented is not intended to replace medical advice or treatment from your own doctor or healthcare provider. Nothing presented here is intended as a substitute for prescription medication or any other medical treatment prescribed by your doctor.