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Nitric Oxide |85007|
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“Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen monoxide)”  

Nitric Oxide (NO)

  In chemistry, as a nitrogen oxide compound, Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen monoxide), a diatomic colorless gas with chemical formula NO, is a minor constituent of the upper atmosphere principally produced by the reactions of ground and excited state nitrogen atoms, that as a reactive nitrogen species may act as a free radical.
  In our body, Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen monoxide) (NO), aka endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), an important endogenous gas is a short-lived biologic mediator for diverse cell types, biosynthesized endogenously from Arginine and oxygen, by various nitric oxide synthase enzymes (NOS enzymes) and by reduction of inorganic nitrate, and used in the regulation of cerebral and extra cerebral cranial blood flow, arterial diameters, and involved in nociceptive processing.

In our body, Nitric Oxide (NO) is produced by a variety of cells including macrophages and the intestinal epithelium, and endothelium derived NO is a potent vasodilator, and acts an essential regulator of blood flow to tissues.

Dietary nitrate and nitrite may be converted to NO within the gastrointestinal tract, which can then regulates intestinal blood flow.
  Examples of nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) enzymes include: *
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“Nitric Oxide (NO) Isoforms”  

Nitric Oxide (NO)

  In our body, Nitric Oxide (NO) is synthesized from l-arginine by NO synthase occurring in the three isoforms of; neuronal, nNOS; endothelial, eNOS; inducible, iNOS. **
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“Nitric-Oxide Reductases”  

Nitric Oxide Reductases

  Nitric-Oxide Reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction involving nitric oxide (NO).
  Examples of nitric-oxide reductases include:
  • Nitric Oxide Reductase (cytochrome c) [EC 1.7.2.5 enzymes]
  • Nitric Oxide Reductase (menaquinol) [EC 1.7.5.2 enzymes]
  • Nitric Oxide Reductase [NAD(P), Nitrous Oxide-Forming] [EC 1.7.1.14 enzymes]
**
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References & Citations:
1. Brouse C. et al "Impact of hemoglobin nitrite to nitric oxide reductase on blood transfusion for resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock"   Asian J Transfus Sci. 2015 Jan-Jun;9(1):55-60  
2. Olesen J. "The role of nitric oxide (NO) in migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache"   Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Nov;120(2):157-71  
3. Geller DA. et al "Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes"   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3491-5  
4. Gardner PR. et al "Nitric oxide dioxygenase: an enzymic function for flavohemoglobin"   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 1;95(18):10378-83  
5. Dedio J. et al "NOSIP, a novel modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity"   FASEB J. 2001 Jan;15(1):79-89  
6. BΓΆger RH. et al "The clinical pharmacology of L-arginine"   Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:79-99  
7. Nie L. "Avenanthramide, a polyphenol from oats, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production"   Atherosclerosis 2006 Jun;186(2):260-6  
8. Li L. et al "An overview of the biological significance of endogenous gases: new roles for old molecules"   Biochem Soc Trans. 2007 Nov;35(Pt 5):1138-41  
9. Lundberg JO. et al "The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics"   Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Feb;7(2):156-67  
10. Freeman BA. et al "Nitro-fatty acid formation and signaling"   J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 6;283(23):15515-9  
11. Panesar NS. "Downsides to the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics?"   Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Aug;7(8):710  
12. Xu MG. et al "Berberine-induced upregulation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells is related to nitric oxide production in healthy subjects"   Cardiology. 2009;112(4):279-86  
13. Sparacino-Watkins CE. et al "Nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension therapeutics"   Circulation. 2012 Jun 12;125(23):2824-6  
14. Abed H. et al "Diagnosis and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A brief review"   J Geriatr Cardiol. 2012 Mar;9(1):61-7  
15. Lohr NL. et al "Far red/near infrared light treatment promotes femoral artery collateralization in the ischemic hindlimb"   J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013 Sep;62:36-42  
16. Good M. et al "Evidence-based feeding strategies before and after the development of necrotizing enterocolitis"   Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2014 Jul;10(7):875-84  
17. Clifford T. et al "The potential benefits of red beetroot supplementation in health and disease"   Nutrients. 2015 Apr 14;7(4):2801-22  
18. McKinley-Barnard S. et al "Combined L-citrulline and glutathione supplementation increases the concentration of markers indicative of nitric oxide synthesis"   J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Jun 10;12:27  
19. Mitchell K. et al "Effects of dietary nitrate on respiratory physiology at high altitude - Results from the Xtreme Alps study"   Nitric Oxide. 2017 Dec 1;71:57-68  
20. Khan A. et al "Nanomedical studies of the restoration of nitric oxide/peroxynitrite balance in dysfunctional endothelium by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 - clinical implications for cardiovascular diseases"   Int J Nanomedicine 2018 Jan 19;13:455-466  
 
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