“Biochemical Processes”  

Biochemical Process

  In our dietary sources and in our body, Biochemical Processes are processes that include the chemical reactions or functions, enzymatic activities, and metabolic pathways of our cells, tissues, glands, organs and other lower life organisms we might host.
  Examples of some biochemical processes include:

alkylation processes methylation DNA methylation process allosteric regulation amination and deamination autotrophic processes (lithotrophic processes) biotinylation DNA processes DNA replication processes DNA repair processes DNA cleavage DNA methylation process

enzyme activations halogenation include: chlorination iodination bromination fluorination peptide biosynthesis aminoacylation transfer RNA aminoacylation nucleic acid-independent peptide biosynthesis Phototrophic Processes photosynthesis Photophosphorylation protein biosynthesis Translational Peptide Chain Elongation Translational Peptide Chain Initiation Translational Peptide Chain Termination Translational Protein Modification transfer RNA aminoacylation ribosomal frameshifting protein carbonylation

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“Signal Transductions”  

Signal Transduction

  In our body's cells, Signal Transduction is the cell process of an intracellular transfer of information through a signal pathway, by which an extracellular signaling molecule activates a membrane receptor, that in turn alters intracellular molecules creating a response.
  In our body's cells, there are two stages in the Signal Transduction process: a signalling molecule activates a certain receptor on the cell membrane, causing a second messenger to continue the signal into the cell and elicit a physiological response. In either step, the signal can be amplified, meaning that one signalling molecule can cause many responses.
  The signal transduction includes:

• Excitation Contraction Coupling
• Ion Channel Gating
• light signal transduction (phototransduction)
  • ocular vision
• MAP Kinase Signaling System
• Cellular Mechanotransduction
• Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System
• Second Messenger Systems
  • Calcium Signaling
    • Excitation Contraction Coupling
• Synaptic Transmission
  • Postsynaptic Potential Summation
• Wnt Signaling Pathway

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“Hydrolysis Reactions”  

Hydrolysis Reaction

  In our body, a Hydrolysis Reaction is a biochemical reaction of a metabolic process (metabolism) which cleaves a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Hydrolysis

  In our body, Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen cations (H+, conventionally referred to as protons) and hydroxide anions (OH−) in the process of a chemical mechanism.

Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a water molecule is added to a substance resulting in the split of that substance into two parts. One fragment of the target molecule (or parent molecule) gains a Hydrogen ion (H⁺) from the split water molecule. The other portion of the target molecule collects the Hydroxyl group (OH⁻) of the split water molecule. In effect an acid and a base are formed. **

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“Hydrogenation”  

  In our body, Hydrogenation is a body process of metabolism of the addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. **

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“Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)”  

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  In our body's cells, the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle), is the common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules, which occurs in mitochondria, carried out by the small organelle, that leads to the production of of useful energy.

In our body's cells, the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle), key intermediate is Citric Acid, a molecule that contains three carboxylic acid (COOH) groups.
  In our body's cells, the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle), is a series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from Glucose, Fatty Acids, or Amino Acids by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates, with the end products being Carbon Dioxide (CO2), water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle)

  In our body's cells, the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) as a Metabolic Pathway follows a sequence of biochemical reactions that takes complex carbon molecules in the form of sugars (from glucose, proteins and fats), oxidizes them to CO2 and water, and converts the remains into energy for our body proper cells in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). **

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“Deamination (deaminating agents)”  

Deamination

  In organic chemistry, as an organic chemistry process, Deamination is the biochemical process of a removal of an amino group (NH₂) from a chemical compound.
  In our body, deamination is a metabolic process ...
  A deaminating agent is a chemical role played by a chemical agent which exhibits deamination activity, such as the capability of causing the loss of an amine functional group on another molecular entity (e.g. DNA or protein). **

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“Up-Regulation”  

  In our body, Up-Regulation is any positive regulatory effect on physiological body processes at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels.
  In our body, the body process of Up-Regulation at the molecular levels includes gene expression regulation processes, membrane receptors, mRNAs, and proteins. **

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“Phosphorylations”  

Phosphorylation

  In organic chemistry, a Phosphorylation is the introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
  Examples of subsets, concepts, subjects and related entities of the phosphorylation include:

• serine phosphorylation
• threonine phosphorylation

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“Hydroxylation”  

  In organic chemistry, Hydroxylation is the placement of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. **

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“Osmosis”  

  The biochemical process, Osmosis is a physicochemical process characterized by the tendency of a fluid to move from a less concentrated fluid to a more concentrated fluid side of a semipermeable membrane **

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“Decarboxylation”  

  In organic chemistry, Decarboxylation is the biochemical process involving the removal of a carboxyl group from a chemical compound, usually in the form of carbon dioxide.
  In our body, Decarboxylation is a metabolic process. **

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“Down-Regulation”  

  In our body, Down-Regulation is any negative regulatory effect on physiological body processes at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels.
  In our body, the body process of Down-Regulation at the molecular levels includes gene expression regulation processes, membrane receptors, mRNAs, and proteins. **

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“Agglutinations”  

Agglutination

  In biochemistry, Agglutination is a biochemical process characterized by the clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of agglutinins.
  Examples of agglutinations include:

• hemagglutination
  • viral hemagglutination
• intravascular agglutination
• sperm agglutination

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“Hemagglutination”  

  In our body, Hemagglutination is a specific type of immune system process (immune process) triggered by interactions of antibodies (immunoglobulins) with their antigens.
  In our body, Hemagglutination is an aggregation of erythrocytes (red blood cells) by agglutinins, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (viral hemagglutination).
  Examples of some hemagglutination include:

• viral hemagglutination

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“Viral Hemagglutination”  

  Viral Hemagglutination is an agglutination of erythrocytes (red blood cells) by a virus. **

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“Protein Folding”  

  In protein science, Protein Folding are processes involved in the formation of tertiary protein structure.
  Examples of some protein folding associations include:

• Globular Protein Folding
• protein refolding
  • protein renaturation
• protein unfolding
  • protein denaturation

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