“Hydroxy Acids and derivatives”  

Hydroxy Acids

  In organic chemistry, Hydroxy acids and derivatives are a class of organic compounds, in the organic acids superclass, comprising one or more hydroxy acid groups.
  Hydroxy Acids, as carboxylic acids, are organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.
  Examples of hydroxy acids include:

• short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass
• Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass

• alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass
  • (2R)-hydroxy acids and derivatives
  • (2R)-hydroxy acids
• beta hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass

Also:

• Benzilates
• glycolates
• hydroxamic acids
• hydroxybenzoates
• Hydroxybutyrates
• Lactates
• Malates
• mandelic acids
• Mevalonic Acid
• mycolic acids
• Phosphoenolpyruvate
• Quinic Acid
• Shikimic Acid
• Sugar Acids

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“Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass”  

Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives

  In organic chemistry, Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives are a subclass of organic compounds, in the hydroxy acids class in the organic acids superclass comprising a hydroxy acid with an alkyl chain that contains less than 6 carbon atoms. **

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“Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass”  

Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives

  In organic chemistry, Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives are a subclass of organic compounds, in the hydroxy acids class in the organic acids superclass comprising a hydroxy acid with a 6 to 12 carbon atoms long side chain. **

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“Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass”  

Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives

  In organic chemistry, Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives are a subclass of organic compounds, in the hydroxy acids class in the organic acids superclass comprising a hydroxy acid containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
  Examples of alpha hydroxy acids subclass include:

• glycolic acid (hydroxyacetic acid)

• (2R)-hydroxy acids and derivatives
• (2R)-hydroxy acids

**

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“Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives subclass”  

Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives

  In organic chemistry, Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are a subclass of organic compounds, in the hydroxy acids class in the organic acids superclass comprising a hydroxy acid containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. **

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“Hydroxamic Acids”  

Hydroxamic Acid

  In organic chemistry, Hydroxamic Acids are a subclass of organic compounds, in the Hydroxy acids and derivatives class within the organic acids superclass, containing a hydroxamic acid functional group in which a hydroxylamine is inserted into a carboxylic acid.
  Hydroxamic Acid is a class of weak hydroxy acids with the general formula R-CO-NH-OH, with an R as an organic residue.
  Examples of members in the hydroxamic acids subclass include:

• Bufexamac
• Deferoxamine
• Ferrichrome
• Panobinostat
• Vorinostat

**

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“Hydroxybenzoates (hydroxybenzoic acids)”  

Hydroxybenzoic Acid

  In phytochemistry, Hydroxybenzoic Acids, as phenols, as a subgroup of phenolic acid, are a benzoic acid organic compound, substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.

In plants

  In our diet, the Hydroxybenzoic Acid is found in certain edible plants such as red fruits, black radish and onions and is generally very low in most other, such as in the gallic acid, salicylic acid and vanillic acid containing plants.

Also, in our diet, Hydroxybenzoic Acid compounds, present mainly in the form of glucosides, are components of complex structures such as hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins in mangoes and ellagitannins in red fruit such as strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries)
  Examples of hydroxybenzoate compounds include:

• m-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
• o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
• p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
• p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters

Other examples of hydroxybenzoate compounds include:

• 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
• Depsides
• Gallic Acid
  • Hydrolyzable Tannins
  • Propyl Gallate
• Hydroxybenzoate Ethers
  • Metoclopramide
  • Propoxycaine
  • Hexobendine
  • Trimebutine
  • Vanillic Acid
• Hydroxymercuribenzoates
• Pactamycin
• Parabens
• Salicylates
  • Dicamba
  • Aminosalicylic Acids
    • Mesalamine
    • Aminosalicylic Acid
  • Gentisates
  • Salicylic Acid
    • Sodium Salicylate

And examples of hydroxybenzoic acid compounds include:

• Hexobendine
• Metoclopramide
• Propoxycaine
• Trimebutine
• vanillic acid

**

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“Sugar Acids and derivatives”  

Sugar Acids

  In organic chemistry, sugar acids and sugar acid derivatives are organic compounds in the carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates subclass in the organooxygen compounds class within the organic oxygen compounds superclass, containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
  In carbohydrate science, Sugar Acids, as an acyclic acid, are acidic sugar compounds.
  In carbohydrate science, some notable Sugar Acids, include the: ascorbic acids, glyceric acids, glucaric acids, gluconates, muramic acids, neuraminic acids, tartrates, tartronates (hydroxymalonic acids), and uronic acids.
Examples of sugar acids and sugar acid derivatives include:

• sugar amino acids and derivatives

• Ascorbic Acid
• 2,3-Diketogulonic Acid
• Glucaric Acid
• Gluconic Acids (Gluconates)
• Glyceric Acids
• Muramic Acids
• Neuraminic Acids
• Tartrates
• Tartronates
• Uronic Acids

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“Quinic Acids (Quinates)”  

Quinic Acid

  In carbohydrate science, the cyclic sugar type-compound, Quinic Acid (Quinate) is a natural occurring hydroxy acid nutrient, found in many foods, especially in sources such as the multi-colored fruits and vegetables

Quinic Acid Biosynthesis

  In our body, the biosynthesis of Quinic Acid (Quinate) occurs in the microflora of the GI tract as the only metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of natural occurring aromatic compounds (i.e. tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, nicotinamie, NAD, and serotonin) after oral consumption, via the metabolic shikimate pathway (for quinic acid catabolism), converting quinic acid to benzoid-type type compounds, then to the end-product catabolite, hippuric acid for excretion. **

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“Mycolic Acids [FA0116]”  

Mycolic Acids

  In lipid science, Mycolic Acids [FA0116] are a subclass in the Fatty acyl lipid class [FA] of long fatty acids (hydroxy acids) found in the cell walls of some actinobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. **

_[81716]

“3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid”  

  3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid, molecular formula C₇H₇NO₃, is an oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. **

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