“Flavonoid (2-Phenylchromone)”  

Bioflavonoids

  In phytochemistry, Flavonoids (Bioflavonoids), aka vitamin P and citrin in our body, a group of phenyl benzopyrans, are a class of plant secondary metabolites that contain the 2-phenylchromene skeleton, found in many fruits and vegetables having a chemical structure similar to the flavones, consisting of two or more aromatic rings connected with three carbons (C6-C3-C6).
  In our diet, the Flavonoids (Bioflavonoids) represent a large class of low-molecular-weight, natural polyphenol phytonutrients as plant secondary metabolites, ubiquitously distributed in foods, some major flavonoids include; quercetin, hesperitin, myricetin, naringenin, and kaempferol.
  In organic chemistry, the flavonoid class of organic compounds are all within both the Flavonoids superclass and the phenylpropanoids and polyketides superclass, containing a 2-phenylchromene skeleton.
Examples of subclasses of the flavonoid class include:

anthocyanidin cations anthocyanidins anthocyanin cations anthocyanins

flavans subclass flavones o-methylated flavonoids

Other examples of flavonoid (bioflavonoid) subsets, concepts, subjects and related entities include:

benzoflavones + biflavonoids catechin chalcones isoflavones +

flavones polyphenols apigenin diosmin flavoxate luteolin

flavonolignans + flavonols phloretin proanthocyanidins procyanidins prenylflavonoids (prenylated flavonoids)

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“Proanthocyanidins”  

Proanthocyanidins (Condensed Tannins)

  In organic chemistry, Proanthocyanidins are a of naturally occurring polyphenol organic compounds in the tannins class in the phenylpropanoids and polyketides superclass, containing an oligomeric moiety of C4-C8 and/or C4-C6 and/or C2-C7 oligo/polymers of flavan-3-ols.

OPC's (Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins)

  In phytochemistry, Proanthocyanidins, a type of plant tannin called a Condensed Tannins (Anthocyanidin Polymers), are dimers oligomers and polymers of flavanol (flavan-3-ol) units (catechins analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 (or C6) bonds to leucoanthocyanidins.

Proanthocyanidins (OPC) are a set of bioflavonoid complexes that perform as free radical scavengers in our body. Molecular formula: C₃₁H₂₈O₁₂.
  The proanthocyanidins subtypes and other related entities include:

A-type proanthocyanidins B-type proanthocyanidins C-type proanthocyanidins

oligomeric proanthocyanidins polymeric proanthocyanidins

willow bark extract anthocyanidins

Examples of some proanthocyanidin substances include:

arecatannin B1 cassiatannin A cinnamtannin A2 Cinnamtannin A3 Cinnamtannin A4 cinnamtannin B-1 cinnamtannin D-1 Cinnamtannin D2 dracorubin Gambiriin C

Kandelin A-1 mahuannin D parameritannin A-1 proanthocyanidin A2 procyanidins procyanidin B1 procyanidin B1 3'-O-gallate procyanidin B1 3-O-gallate procyanidin B2 procyanidin B2 3'-O-gallate procyanidin B2 3-O-gallate

procyanidin B3 procyanidin B3 3'-O-gallate procyanidin B3 3-O-gallate procyanidin B4 procyanidin B4 3'-O-gallate procyanidin B4 3-O-gallate procyanidin B5 procyanidin B6 procyanidin B8 procyanidin C1 procyanidin C2

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“Flavones”  

  In phytochemistry, Flavones, as a group of 4-keto-flavonoid, are a class of flavonoid (bioflavonoid) phytonutrients based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one).
  In our diet, Flavones, less common than flavonols in fruit and vegetables, are found in parsley and celery. Cereals such as millet and wheat contain C-glycosides of flavones, consisting chiefly of luteolin and apigenin. And citrus fruit skins contain large quantities of the very hydrophobic polymethoxylated flavones; tangeretin, nobiletin, and sinensetin
  Examples of subsets, concepts, subjects and related entities of the flavones include:

flavone hydroxyflavone 5-Hydroxyflavone methoxyflavone Albanin A Albanin C Albanin D Albanin E Albanin F Aliarin Apigenins Apigenin 7-sulfate 6-Chloroapigenin 6-Methylapigenin Artelastofuran Artocarpesin Artocarpetin A Artoindonesianin Q Artoindonesianin R Artonin U Artonin V Asplenetin Baohuosu benzquercin Brosimacutin F Broussoflavonol B Broussoflavonol D Broussoflavonol E Cannflavin A cassiaoccidentalin A Cochliophilin A Demethyltorosaflavone D

Denticulaflavonol Dorsmanin C Enantiomultijugin flavodic acid flavone C-glycoside flavoxate Gancaonin O Gancaonin P Gancaonin Q glycosyloxyflavone Glycyrrhizaflavonol A Heteroartonin A Heterophyllin Honyucitrin Isoartocarpesin Isolicoflavonol Isorhynchospermin Isounonal Kaempferol 3-p-coumarate Kanzonol D Kanzonol E Kushenol G Kuwanon A Kuwanon B Licoflavone A Licoflavone B Licoflavonol Luteolins Luteolin 4'-sulfate Luteolin 5-galactoside Luteolin 7-sulfate 8-Hydroxyluteolin 8-sulfate

Macaflavone I Moralbanone Morusignin L Morusinol Mulberranol Multijuginol Neouralenol Norartocarpetin Oxidihydroartocarpesin Pinnatifinoside A Poinsettifolin A Quercetin 3,7,3',4'-tetra-O-sulfate Quercetin 3,7-di-O-sulfate Rhynchospermin Rubraflavone A Rubraflavone B Rubraflavone C Semiglabrinol Sericetin Diacetate Tephrodin Tricetin 7,3'-disulfate Unonal Uralene Uralenol Viscosol Yinyanghuo D 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid 3-O-Methyluralenol 5,3',4'-Trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-6-prenylflavone 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone 7-benzoate 6-Prenylherbacetin 3,8-dimethyl ether 7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one 8-C-Methylvelloquercetin 3,5,3'-trimethyl ether

Other examples of flavones include:

Polyphenols

Diosmin

stilbenes

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“Flavanones (2-Phenyl-Benzopyran-4-Ones)”  

Flavanones

  In organic chemistry, Flavanones are organic compounds in the flavans subclass of the flavonoids class within the phenylpropanoids and polyketides superclass, containing a flavan moiety, structurally characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton.
  In phytochemistry, the phytonutrient, Flavanones (2-Phenyl-Benzopyran-4-Ones) are a group of bioflavonoids (flavonoids) characterized with a 4-ketone, generally found in nature as flavanone glycosides. In our diet, these flavanones are present in high concentrations only in citrus fruit, with the main aglycones being naringenin in grapefruit, hesperetin in oranges, and eriodictyol in lemons.
  Examples of flavanones (2-phenyl-benzopyran-4-ones) subsets, subjects, concepts and related entities include:

flavanone flavanone glycoside flavanonols hydroxyflavanone methoxyflavanone Brosimacutin C Emoroidenone exiguaflavanone E Glabrol glyflavanone A

Isoxanthohumol Kanzonol S Kanzonol Z Kuwanon D Kuwanon E Laxiflorin Licoagrodin Lupinenol Norartocarpanone Heteroflavanone B Heteroflavanone C

Ovaliflavanone A Pinocembrin 7-O-benzoate Poriol Shinflavanone Silidianin Tephrorin A Tephrowatsin C (2S)-flavan-4-one (S)-Cajaflavanone 3-Methylnaringenin 8-prenyllepidissipyrone

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“Isoflavones (3-Phenylchromones)”  

Isoflavones

  In organic chemistry, Isoflavones are polycyclic organic compounds in the isoflav-2-enes subclass of the isoflavonoids class within the phenylpropanoids and polyketides superclass, containing a 2-isoflavene skeleton bearing a ketone group at the C4 carbon atom.
  In phytochemistry, Isoflavones are an isomeric form of flavans with the benzene group attached to the 3 position (3-phenylchromone) of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position (2-phenylchromone).

In nature, Isoflavones are found almost exclusively in leguminous plants, which contain 3 main molecules: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein, these found in 4 forms: aglycone, 7-O-glucoside, 6"-O-acetyl-7-O-glucoside, and 6"-O-malonyl-7-O-glucoside.

In our body, some of these isoflavones have a configuration analogous to that of the hydroxyls in the estradiol molecule, which as a phytoestrogen, may confer pseudohormonal properties.
  Examples of isoflavones include:

• Coumestrol
• Genistein
• Pterocarpans
• Rotenone

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“Anthocyanidins”  

Anthocyanidin

  In organic chemistry, the anthocyanidins subclass are the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins in the flavonoids class within the phenylpropanoids and polyketides superclass of organic compounds, based on either the flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium ion.
  In nature, anthocyanidins, along with other flavonoids, are localized in the skin, seeds and leaves of the berries giving them their distinctive pigmentation.

In our diet, Anthocyanidins are an aglycone form of anthocyanins in the group of flavonoid (bioflavonoid), many as phytonutrients, derived from flavonols, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position.

  Examples of entities related to anthocyanidins include:

leucoanthocyanidins leucocyanidins anthocyanidin cations anthocyanin cations anthocyanidin glycoside proanthocyanidins

anthocyanidin chloride delphinidin chloride luteolinidin chloride pelargonidin chloride peonidin chloride petunidin chloride

cyanidin delphinidin delphinidin chloride peonidin peonidin chloride petunidin petunidin chloride

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“Isoflavans [PK1208]”  

Isoflavans

  In organic chemistry, Isoflavans are a subclass of organic compounds in the isoflavonoids class within the phenylpropanoids and polyketides superclass, containing an isoflavan moiety, structurally characterized by a 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton.
  Examples of isoflavans subclass members include:

• isoflavanones
  • 2'-prenylated isoflavanones

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