“Peptides”  

  In organic chemistry, Peptides are an infraclass of organic compounds in the amino acids, peptides, and analogues subclass, in the carboxylic acid class in the organic acids superclass, containing an amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another.
  In protein science, Peptides are a class of carboxamide compounds composed of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures.

Oligopeptides are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids, polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids.

In protein science, peptides are long chained linear polypeptides smaller then the linear proteins.
  Examples of some peptides and polypeptides include:

oligopeptides polypeptides glycopeptides lipopeptides cyclic peptides

amyloid-beta peptides cystine-knot miniproteins fibrinopeptide A & fibrinopeptide B polylysine

peptide antibiotics antimicrobial cationic peptides Disintegrins neuropeptides

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“Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins”  

  In protein science, Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides are a broad category of proteins complex amino acids important for our body's circadian rhythm processes, controlled by internal molecular clock, assembled from the cycling RNA and protein products by a small group of genes, conserved throughout the animal kingdom.
  Examples of circadian rhythm signaling peptides include:

core clock genes & proteins include:
• circadian rhythms positive regulators
  • CLOCK genes & proteins
  • ARNTL transcription factors
    • ARNTL gene, ARNTL gene (BMAL1 gene)
    • ARNTL2 gene
• negative regulators
  • period circadian proteins
  • cryptochromes

Also:

• nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 protein (NR1D1 protein)
• nuclear receptor ROR-alpha protein (nuclear receptor NR1F1)
• RAR related orphan receptor B protein

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“Cholecystokinin (CCK)”  

Cholecystokinin

  In our body, the gastrointestinal hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide, encoded by the CCK gene, secreted in the duodenum causing the gallbladder to release bile (gall) and the pancreas to secrete lipase, the hormone is released when chyme arrives in the duodenum, especially if the chyme contains lipids and partially digested proteins. This hormone targets the pancreas and liver.
  In our body, Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide that targets the both the pancreas and liver.

• In the pancreas, Cholecystokinin (CCK) accelerates the production and secretion of all types of digestive enzymes.
• In the liver, it causes the ejection of bile from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The presence of either secretin or CCK in high concentrations also reduces gastric motility and secretory rates.

  Gastric inhibitory peptide is released when fats and glucose enter the small intestine. This peptide hormone inhibits gastric activity and causes the release of insulin from the pancreatic islets. **

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“Fibrinopeptides B”  

Fibrinopeptide B

  In our body, Fibrinopeptides B are two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. **

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“Protein Science (Proteins)”  

Protein

  In protein science, Proteins are large organic polypeptide compounds, arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bond (amide bond) between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues, synthesized on ribosomes.

Proteins may be modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits.
  Proteins are chemically constructed from only Amino Acid (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen (about 16%), oxygen and sometimes sulfur).

Amino Acid are the building blocks that make up the Proteins and is what distinguishes Proteins from carbohydrates and fats.

All proteins are long linear, unbranched Polypeptides, built from strings of about 20 different alpha-amino acids.

In our body, proteins, as long chained linear polypeptides are normally synthesized on ribosomes.
  Examples of some proteins may include:

• GTP-binding protein regulators
• intracellular signaling protein and peptides
• LDL-receptor related proteins include:
  • LDL-receptor related protein 1
  • LDL-receptor related protein 2
  • LDL-receptor related protein 5
  • LDL-receptor related protein 6
• ribosomal proteins
• SERPINs (Serpin peptidase inhibitors)

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